Preschool education plays a vital role in shaping a child’s learning foundation. With various curriculum options available in Singapore, parents often face the challenge of choosing the most suitable approach. Each curriculum has its own structure, philosophy, and teaching style, catering to different learning needs.
Understanding the different types of preschool curricula can help parents make informed decisions. Below are the main curriculum types available in Singapore, along with their core principles and methods of teaching.
1. Montessori Curriculum
The Montessori method, developed by Dr. Maria Montessori, focuses on self-directed learning and hands-on activities.
Key Features:
- Children learn at their own pace, fostering independence.
- Classrooms have mixed-age groups to encourage peer learning.
- Materials are designed to engage the senses and build problem-solving skills.
- Teachers act as facilitators rather than instructors.
Montessori classrooms are carefully designed to promote curiosity and exploration. The emphasis on practical life skills, sensory learning, and self-discipline makes this curriculum a preferred choice for parents who value independent learning.
2. Reggio Emilia Approach
Originating from Italy, the Reggio Emilia approach is an inquiry-based curriculum that views children as capable and creative learners.
Key Features:
- Learning is project-based, with topics emerging from children’s interests.
- Strong emphasis on artistic expression, including drawing, painting, and storytelling.
- The classroom environment acts as a “third teacher,” designed to encourage interaction.
- Parents and teachers work collaboratively in the learning process.
This approach fosters creativity and encourages children to express themselves in multiple ways. The curriculum thrives on exploration, critical thinking, and collaboration.
3. Play-Based Learning
Play-based curriculums focus on learning through structured and unstructured play. Play is viewed as the primary mode of learning, helping children develop cognitive, social, and motor skills.
Key Features:
- Lessons are integrated into activities such as role-playing, puzzles, and storytelling.
- Teachers guide play experiences to introduce concepts like numeracy and literacy.
- Social interaction is encouraged to build communication skills.
- Learning is dynamic, flexible, and child-centered.
This approach suits children who learn best through movement, engagement, and social interaction. It builds foundational knowledge while ensuring children enjoy the learning process.
4. Waldorf (Steiner) Education
The Waldorf curriculum, developed by Rudolf Steiner, takes a holistic approach to learning, integrating academics, arts, and practical skills.
Key Features:
- Learning unfolds in three stages: early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence.
- No formal academics in the early years; storytelling, movement, and music form the foundation.
- Heavy emphasis on creativity, imagination, and experiential learning.
- A strong sense of routine and rhythm in daily activities.
This curriculum is ideal for parents who prefer a balanced education that nurtures both intellectual and artistic abilities. The focus on imagination and nature-based learning fosters a well-rounded development.
5. Inquiry-Based Curriculum
This curriculum encourages children to ask questions, investigate, and seek answers through real-world experiences. It promotes curiosity and problem-solving.
Key Features:
- Children’s questions drive the learning process.
- Teachers serve as guides, helping children find answers through exploration.
- Lessons integrate multiple disciplines, such as science, math, and language.
- Learning is hands-on, engaging, and thought-provoking.
By focusing on discovery and active participation, this approach helps children develop a natural love for learning while strengthening their analytical skills.
6. HighScope Curriculum
The HighScope approach emphasizes active learning through “Plan-Do-Review,” allowing children to take charge of their learning process.
Key Features:
- Children plan activities, carry them out, and reflect on their experiences.
- Hands-on experiences drive understanding and retention.
- Teachers support and scaffold learning rather than directly instructing.
- Emphasis on consistency and routine.
This method encourages problem-solving, independence, and structured learning. Children develop a strong sense of responsibility and critical thinking skills.
7. Thematic-Based Learning
A thematic approach organizes learning around specific topics, integrating multiple subjects into a cohesive theme.
Key Features:
- Subjects such as math, science, and language are taught through a common theme.
- Encourages connections between different areas of knowledge.
- Lessons are often interactive and project-based.
- Helps children see the bigger picture rather than isolated concepts.
This curriculum is widely used in preschools as it provides a structured yet engaging way to learn. Themes often revolve around real-world topics, making learning relatable.
8. Bilingual and Language-Immersion Curricula
Given Singapore’s multilingual environment, many preschools offer bilingual or immersion programs to strengthen language proficiency.
Key Features:
- Lessons are conducted in both English and a second language (often Mandarin, Malay, or Tamil).
- Children learn language naturally through songs, stories, and conversations.
- Exposure to multiple languages from an early age aids cognitive development.
- Some programs follow a full-immersion model, where a significant portion of the day is conducted in the second language.
Bilingual curricula help children develop strong language skills while maintaining cultural awareness and communication abilities.
9. Academic-Focused Curriculum
Some preschools adopt an academic-heavy curriculum to prepare children for primary school by focusing on early literacy, numeracy, and structured learning.
Key Features:
- Emphasis on reading, writing, and mathematics.
- Worksheets, drills, and structured lessons form the core of learning.
- Regular assessments and progress tracking.
- Designed to prepare children for formal schooling transitions.
While this approach builds strong academic foundations, it may be less play-oriented than other methods. It suits children who thrive in structured environments.
Choosing the Right Curriculum
Each preschool curriculum offers unique benefits, and the best choice depends on a child’s learning style and interests. Some factors to consider include:
- Learning Approach: Whether a child thrives in structured settings or hands-on experiences.
- Social Interaction: Whether peer learning and group activities are a priority.
- Language Development: If bilingual education is a key consideration.
- Creativity and Exploration: The balance between artistic expression and academic learning.
- Future Readiness: How well the curriculum prepares children for primary school.
Singapore offers a diverse range of preschool programs, each catering to different educational philosophies. Parents who understand these options can choose a curriculum that aligns with their child’s growth and learning needs.
